The bell had become the conditioned stimulus and salivation had become the conditioned response. He then repeatedly presented the dogs with the sound of the bell first and then the food (pairing) after a few repetitions the dogs salivated when they heard the sound of the bell. The food was an unconditioned stimulus and salivation was an unconditioned (innate) response. Then he presented them with food, they salivated. He first presented the dogs with the sound of a bell they did not salivate so this was a neutral stimulus. Pavlov showed that when a bell was sounded each time the dog was fed, the dog learned to associate the sound with the presentation of the food. The most famous example of classical conditioning was Ivan Pavlov’s experiment with dogs, who salivated in response to a bell tone. Classical Conditioning Examples Pavlov’s Dogs Also, chocolate (CS) which was eaten before a person was sick with a virus (UCS) now produces a response of nausea (CR). Now the conditioned stimulus (CS) has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to create a new conditioned response (CR).įor example, a person (CS) who has been associated with nice perfume (UCS) is now found attractive (CR). However, one trial learning can happen on certain occasions when it is not necessary for an association to be strengthened over time (such as being sick after food poisoning or drinking too much alcohol). Often during this stage, the UCS must be associated with the CS on a number of occasions, or trials, for learning to take place. The most important aspect of the conditioning stimulus is the it helps the organism predict the coming of the unconditional stimulus. In some cases, conditioning may take place if the NS occurs after the UCS (backward conditioning), but this normally disappears quite quickly. Thus, the conditioned stimulus acts as a type of signal or cue for the unconditioned stimulus. Also, perfume (UCS) might be associated with a specific person (CS).įor classical conditioning to be effective, the conditioned stimulus should occur before the unconditioned stimulus, rather than after it, or during the same time. Stage 2: During Conditioning:ĭuring this stage, a stimulus which produces no response (i.e., neutral) is associated with the unconditioned stimulus, at which point it now becomes known as the conditioned stimulus (CS).įor example, a stomach virus (UCS) might be associated with eating a certain food such as chocolate (CS). The neutral stimulus in classical conditioning does not produce a response until it is paired with the unconditioned stimulus. The NS could be a person, object, place, etc. This stage also involves another stimulus which has no effect on a person and is called the neutral stimulus (NS). In another example, a perfume (UCS) could create a response of happiness or desire (UCR). In this respect, no new behavior has been learned yet.įor example, a stomach virus (UCS) would produce a response of nausea (UCR). In basic terms, this means that a stimulus in the environment has produced a behavior / response which is unlearned (i.e., unconditioned) and therefore is a natural response which has not been taught. In this stage, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) produces an unconditioned response (UCR) in an organism. At each stage, the stimuli and responses are given special scientific terms: Stage 1: Before Conditioning: There are three stages of classical conditioning.
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